Chapter IX of the Social Security Code 2020 formally recognises gig workers and platform workers for the first time in Indian law. A "gig worker" is defined as a person who performs work outside of a traditional employer-employee relationship, while a "platform worker" is one whose work is arranged through an online platform. This legal recognition is a landmark step toward protections for India's estimated 7.7 million gig workers.
The Code mandates the Central Government to create a social security fund for gig and platform workers. Aggregators — companies like Zomato, Swiggy, Ola, and Uber — with annual turnover above the prescribed threshold must contribute 1-2% of their annual turnover to this fund. Benefits covered include:
The Social Security Code was passed by Parliament in 2020, but full implementation and rule notification is still ongoing as of 2025-2026. The Central Government has yet to notify all the rules required to operationalise gig worker benefits. However, some progress has been made at the state level — Rajasthan's Platform Based Gig Workers (Registration and Welfare) Act 2023 is the first state-level law specifically protecting gig workers, mandating platform companies to register workers and contribute to a welfare fund.
Some states have begun registration drives for gig workers. The pace of implementation varies significantly across the country.
Register on the e-Shram portal (eshram.gov.in) — India's national database for unorganised workers. Registration is free and takes about 5 minutes with your Aadhaar number and bank account details. Once registered, you get access to:
If you are injured while working a gig, check your platform's insurance policy first. Many platforms like Zomato, Swiggy, and Uber provide limited accident insurance for active delivery or ride partners. The coverage amount and conditions vary by platform and are usually detailed in the partner agreement.
Depending on the nature of your work arrangement, the Employees' Compensation Act 1923 may also apply. If your relationship with the platform resembles employment (fixed hours, controlled routes, penalties for refusal), you may have a stronger case for compensation. Document the incident thoroughly — photos, medical reports, and platform screenshots.
If your account is deactivated without notice or clear reason, your legal recourse is currently limited but evolving. Indian courts are increasingly hearing cases from gig workers challenging arbitrary deactivation. Steps you should take:
Tell Vera about your situation as a gig worker — get a clear explanation of your rights and next steps. Free, in English or Hindi.
General legal information only — not legal advice. Laws are evolving rapidly in this area. For specific situations, consult the Labour Commissioner or a qualified lawyer.